Building Science Concepts

Building Science Concepts is a series of 64 books published for the Ministry of Education to support primary teachers to teach science.

To find ARB resources that assess concepts from the books
•    Scroll down, or use the 'Shortcuts' menu at the top right of this page, to find the book title
•    Choose the Big Idea you want to assess
•    Click on the resource numbers to view

The assessment resources are linked to the Big Ideas rather than the smaller concepts. Assessment resources at every level are included if they match the Big Idea.

To adapt a resource to suit the class level, use the MSWord version where available. MSWord enables you to change the original resource.
For help, go to Copying resources.

1) Waterways (L2-3)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
River catchments are an important part of the water cycle.
  
•    PE7572 (L3)
•    PE7552 (L3)
•    PE7507 (L3)
Waterways contribute to both rapid and gradual geological changes that shape the land.
  
•    PE8523 (L5)
   
•    PE8031 (L4)
•    PE8001 (L4)
   
•    PE7558 (L3)
•    PE7555 (L3)
   
•    PE7542 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 1










 

2) Weathering and Erosion (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
The processes of weathering and erosion result from interactions between rocks and solar and cosmic radiation, fluids such as water and air, solids such as ice, and biological agents such as bacteria, plants, and animals.
  
•    PE8523 (L5)
   
•    PE8502 (L5)
    
•    PE8526 (L3)
•    PE7558 (L3)
•    PE7555 (L3)
Rocks and landscapes are continuously re-forming.
  
•    PE9510 (L5)
•    PE8501 (L5)
   
•    PE9517 (L4)
•    PE9503 (L4)
   
•    PE8028 (L3)
•    PE8008 (L3)
   
•    PE7542 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 2











3) Birds (L1-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Living things' specific structures have particular functions that contribute to individual survival.
  
•    LW0546 (L5)
•    LW0527 (L5)
    
•    LW0631 (L3)
•    LW0629 (L3)
•    LW0624 (L3)
•    LW0559 (L3)
•    LW0558 (L3)
•    LW0524 (L3)
    
•    LW0626 (L2)
LW0643 (L3)
LW0501 (L3)
LW0629 (L3)
LW0546 (L5)
Relationships between structure and function evolve over many generations in response to the challenges of survival in the environment of the time.
  
•    LW0559 (L3)
  TKI link to Book 3











 

4) Animal Life Histories (L1-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Reproduction is the most important activity for the survival of a species.
  
•    LW1059 (L2)
•    LW1058 (L2)
•    LW1057 (L2)
•    LW1056 (L2)
•    LW1049 (L2)
•    LW1028 (L2)
•    LW1016 (L2)
Various features change at different parts of the life history to contribute to reproductive success.
  
•    LW0616 (L4)
   
•    LW1059 (L2)
•    LW1058 (L2)
•    LW1057 (L2)
•    LW1056 (L2)
•    LW1049 (L2)
•    LW1028 (L2)
•    LW1016 (L2)
Sexual reproduction ensures the variability of offspring; variablilty aids survival in changing environments.
  
•    LW1047 (L5)

NOTE: There are several other L5 resources dealing with variability, but they do not link directly to survival in changing environments. Search using 'variation' as the key word.

TKI link to Book 4












5) Fur, Feathers, and Bark (L2-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Living things have coverings that are suited to their purposes.
  
•    LW0602 (L3)
•    LW0563 (L3)
•    LW0558 (L3)
•    LW0554 (L3)
   
•    LW0637 (L2-4)
As the needs of living things change, their coverings may change too. People use technology to modify the coverings of living things for their own needs. TKI link to Book 5







6) Soil Animals (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Plants and animals in the soil depend on each other and on the non-living parts of their environment for their survival.
  
•    LW0528 (L5)
   
•    LW0017 (L3)
Changes in any part of the soil environment affect the relationships between the plants and animals that live there.   TKI link to Book 6



 

7) The Bush (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Scientists group living things according to their evolutionary relationships.
  
•    LW0054 (L4)
•    LW0010 (L4)
All the individuals within any one group of living things share a number of features in common.
  
•    LW0014 (L4)
Some features used for classification are readily observed, but others can be observed only with the use of technology and/or science theory. TKI link to Book 7

The companion book is Book 35, Is this a Plant.

8) The Moon (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
The Earth's system is a small part of a solar system within the vast system of the universe.
  
•    PE9038 (L4)
   
•    PE9071 (L3)
   
•    PE9039 (L2)
The change in relative positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun determines the apparent change in the shape of the Moon.
  
•    PE9092 (L4)
•    PE9087 (L4)
•    PE9026 (L4)
    
•    PE9039 (L2)
The way the Moon's gravity pulls on the spinning Earth causes the environmental pattern of tides.
  
•    PE9019 (L4)

TKI link to Book 8













9) Shadows (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Changes in the shape and size of shadows are caused by changes in the relative positions of the Sun and Earth.

•   PE9062 (L4)
•   PE9060 (L4)
   
•    PW4074 (L2)
•    PW4060 (L2)
•    PE9094 (L2)
•    PE9041 (L2)

Shadows are the relative absence of light where its passage is blocked by objects.

The physical and chemical properties of materials determine whether light is reflected, transmitted, or absorbed.

•    PW3511 (L4)
•    MW5101 (L4)
   
•    MW5062 (L2)

NOTE: These 3 resources deal with transparent/opaque materials but not shadows.

TKI link to Book 9

PE9100
, PE9099, and PE9098 all relate to making sundials, but are at higher levels than PE9101.







 

10) Light and Colour (L1-2)
11) Seeing Colours (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Light is a form of energy that can be obtained by various energy conversions.

•    PW3556 (L4)

We see colours when different materials reflect different mixes of wavelengths of light.

•    PW3556 (L4)
   
•    PW3667 (L2)
•    PW3658 (L2)

We see when light reflects off objects, enters our eyes, is converted to electrical energy at the retina, and is then interpreted as 'vision' by the brain.

•    PW2523 (L5)

 

TKI link to Book 10
TKI link to Book 11








12) Volcanoes (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

Volcanic activity is a visible product of the slow movement of the hot interior of planet Earth. Many sites of volcanic activity are found along the boundaries of tectonic plates that make up the Earth's crust.

•   PE7564 (L5)
   
•    PE8027 (L3)
•    PE8009 (L3)

Volcanic activity shapes many of the features of planet Earth's surface.

•    PE8528 (L5)
•    PE8520 (L5)
•    PE7564 (L5)
  TKI link to Book 12











13) Aluminium (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

The physical and chemical properties of aluminium make it useful to us.

•   MW5660 (L4)

Aluminium is present in the environment, but technological processes are needed to change it into a usable form.

Extraction and disposal of aluminium impact upon the environment.

•    PE9522 (L3)
TKI link to Book 13


 

14) Making Porridge (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Temperature is a measure of the heat of an object and is related to how fast the particles that make up the object are moving and vibrating.

•    PW4083 (L5)
•    PW4048 (L5)
    
•    PW3600 (L4)
     
•    PW4538 (L3)
•    PW3664 (L3)
•    PW3640 (L3)
•    PW3593 (L3)
    
•    PW4104 (L2)

Heat (the internal energy of an object) is transferred along a gradient from hotter to cooler temperatures.

•    PW4530 (L5)
•    PW4523 (L5)
•    PW4087 (L5)
•    PW3034 (L5)
    
•    PW4032 (L4)
•    PW4003 (L4)
•    PW3624 (L4
    
•    PW3562 (L3)
•    PW3505 (L3)

Cooking technologies create a temperature difference that allows us to heat food.

 

TKI link to Book 14

The companion book is Book 36, Heat on the Move.













15) Where's the Water? (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

There is a limited amount of water available to people, and it is continuously recycled.

•    PE7526 (L2/3/4/5)
•    MW6278 (L3/4)
    
•    PE7552 (L3)
•    PE7527 (L3)

 

The physical changes of water from one state to another (through evaporation and condensation), together with the associated latent heat changes, 'drive' the water cycle.

•    MW6357 (L2)
•    PE7572 (L3)
PE7553 (L2/3/4/5)
PE7526 (L3)
PE7516 (L3)
MW6356 (L3/4/5)
MW6302 (L2/3/4/5)

The water cycle is an important part of Earth's weather.

 
TKI link to Book 15

The companion book is Book 31, Water and Weather.








 

16) Sand, Salt, and Jelly Crystals (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

The types of changes that materials can undergo are related to their chemical composition.

•    MW5359 (L2,3,4,5)
   
•    MW6300 (L4)
     
•    MW6344 (L3)
•    MW6327 (L3)
•    MW6321 (L3)
•    MW6276 (L3)
    
•    MW6343 (L2)
•    MW6342 (L2)
•    MW6341 (L2)
•    MW6323 (L2)

When materials change, individual atoms and molecules are re-arranged, but they are never lost – the matter is conserved.

•    MW5359 (L2,3,4,5)
   
•    MW6327 (L3)
   
•    MW6323 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 16













17) Flight (L1-4)

Big Idea

Big Idea

  Notes
Some animal adaptations and machine structures make flight possible.
  
•    PW3657 (L4)
   
•    LW0556 (L2)
Flying is controlled movement through the air.
  TKI link to Book 17





 

18) Exploring Sound (L1-2)
19) Properties of Sound (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Sound is a form of energy that, like all other forms of energy, can be transferred or transformed into other types of energy.

•    PW2516 (L5)
     
•    PW3625 (L4)
•    PW3579 (L4)
•    PW3558 (L4)
    
•    PW3569 (L3)

The properties of sound are related to the manner in which sound waves travel through a substance.

•    PW3569 (L3)

The properties of musical instruments are related to the manner in which they generate sound waves.

•    PW4518 (L2)

 

TKI link to Book 18
TKI link to Book 19









20) Our Star, the Sun (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth.

•    PE9049 (L2)

Earth's system is a small part of a solar system within the vast system of the universe.

•    PE9093 (L2)
•    PE9053 (L2)
•    PE9049 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 20









 

21) Life between the Tides (L1-2)
22) Tidal Communities (L3-4)

Big Idea

Big Idea

  Notes
Living things depend on one another and on the non-living environment in which they live.
  
•    LW2046 (L4)
•    LW2016 (L4)
•    LW2015 (L4)
Changes in any element of the living or non-living environment may affect the relationships between living things and lessen or improve the chances of some species surviving.
  
•    LW2015 (L4)
•    LW2012 (L4/5)
LW0547 (L3)
  TKI link to Book 21
TKI link to Book 22




23) Fresh Food (L1-2)
24) Preserving Food (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

The types of changes that materials can undergo are related to their chemical compostion.

•    MW6327 (L3)

Chemical reactions occur naturally around us all the time.

•    MW6327 (L3)
   
•    MW6895 (L2)
•    MW6327 (L2)

People have developed technologies that slow down or alter the natural process of decomposition in food.

•    MW6895 (L2)
•    MW6890 (L2)
•    MW6886 (L2)
TKI link to Book 23
TKI link to Book 24






 

25) Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds (L1-2)
26) Making New Plants (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Plants have special structures that contribute to their reproductive success.
  
•   LW0577 (L4)
•   LW0553 (L4)
•   LW0550 (L4)
•   LW0531 (L4)
•   LW0506 (L4)
   
•    LW1050 (L2)
•    LW1046 (L2)
Success in reproduction helps plant species to keep adapting as the environment changes.
  
•    LW1009 (L5)
    
•    LW0573 (L4)
•    LW0570 (L4)
•   LW0553 (L4)
•   LW0531 (L4)
•    LW0507 (L4)
•    LW0506 (L4)
  TKI link to Book 25
TKI link to Book 26









27) Exploring Space (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Our theories about the universe and the Earth's place in it have changed and developed over time. Our theories about the universe and Earth's place in it are limited by what we are able to observe and think about.

The development of new kinds of technology has expanded the ways in which people can make observations of space.

•    PE9011 (L5)

TKI link to Book 27





 

28) The Night Sky (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

We order the visible stars of the night sky in the patterns that our cultures have taught us.

•    PE9011 (L5)
    
•    PE9009 (L4)

Our position in space governs what celestial objects we can see.

•    PE9083 (L5)
•    PE9081 (L5)
•    PE9070 (L5)
•    PE9014 (L5)
•    PE9010 (L5)
•    PE9005 (L5)
    
•    PE9096 (L4)
•    PE9092 (L4)
•    PE9087 (L4)
•    PE9086 (L4)
•    PE9084 (L4)
•    PE9030 (L4)
•    PE9007 (L4)
  TKI link to Book 28




















29) Solar Energy (L2-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

The amount of solar energy available to us is linked to our place in space.

•    PE9049 (L2)
The amount of solar energy available to us determines the condirions for life on Earth.

We use a wide variety of technologies to harness and transform heat and light energy we get from the Sun.

•    PW4087 (L5)
TKI link to Book 29



       

 

30) The Air around us (L1-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

Air is a substance, a mixture of gases, which has the properties of fluids.

•    PW3529 (L2)

The movement of the gas particles that make up air influences the ways in which air behaves.

•    PW3691 (L4)
•    PW3657 (L4)
•    PW3520 (L4)
    
•    PW3529 (L3)

 

TKI link to Book 30













31) Water and Weather (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

There is a limited amount of water available to people, and it is continously recycled.

•    PE7552 (L3)
•  PE7527 (L3)
•    MW6278 (L3)
•    PE7526 (L2/3/4/5)

The physical changes of water from one state to another (through evaporation and condensation), together with the associated latent heat changes, 'drive' the water cycle.

 

•    PE7572 (L3)
•    PE7553 (L3)
PE7526 (L3)
PE7516 (L3)
    
MW6357 (L2)
    
PE7577 (L2/3/4/5)
MW6356 (L3/4/5)
MW6302 (L2/3/4/5)

The water cycle is an important part of Earth's weather.

 

 

TKI link to Book 31

The companion book is Book 15, Where's the Water?.








 

32) Introducing Metals (L1-2)
33) Working with Metals (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

Metals are defined and grouped by the similarities and differences in their physical and chemical properties.

•    MW6334 (L5)
•    MW6307 (L5)
•    MW5095 (L5)
•    MW5064 (L5)
•    MW5054 (L5)
•    MW5051 (L5)
    
•    MW5090 (L4)
•    MW5071 (L4)
MW6354 (L3)

People use their understandings of the properties of a metal to promote or prevent the physical and chemical changes that affect the metal's usefulness.

•    MW5630 (L4)
    
•    MW6889 (L2)
•    MW5668 (L2)

 

TKI link to Book 32
TKI link to Book 33









34) Parachutes (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

The movement of objects in the air is a result of net forces in action.

•    PW3657 (L4)
    
•    PW4106 (L2/4)

The design of objects can influence their rate of movement through air by decreasing or increasing the action of air resistance on them.

•    PW3542 (L4)
   
•    PW4088 (L3)
    
•    PW3680 (L2/4)
•    PW4078 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 34









35) Is this a Plant? (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Scientists group living things according to their evolutionary relationships.
  
•    LW0054 (L4)
•    LW0010 (L4)
All the individuals within any one group of living things share a number of features in common.
  
•    LW0014 (L4)
Some features used for classification are readily observed, but others can be observed only with the use of technology and/or science theory. TKI link to Book 35

The companion book is Book 7, The Bush.

 

36) Heat on the Move (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Temperature is a measure of the heat of an object and is related to how fast the particles that make up the object are moving and vibrating.

•    PW4083 (L5)
•    PW4048 (L5)
    
•    PW3600 (L4)
     
•    PW4538 (L3)
•    PW3664 (L3)
•    PW3640 (L3)
•    PW3593 (L3)
    
•    PW4104 (L2)

Heat (the internal energy of an object) is transferred along a gradient from hotter to cooler temperatures.

•    PW4530 (L5)
•    PW4523 (L5)
•    PW4087 (L5)
•    PW3034 (L5)
    
•    PW4032 (L4)
•    PW4003 (L4)
•    PW3624 (L4
    
•    PW3562 (L3)
•    PW3505 (L3)

Cooking technologies create a temperature difference that allows us to heat food.


 

TKI link to Book 36

The companion book is Book 14, Making Porridge.













37) Floating and Sinking (L1-2)
38) Understanding Bouyancy (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

An object (or system containing more than one object or material) floats if it is less dense than the water it is floating in.

•    PW4082 (L5)
•    PW4040 (L5)
    
•    PW3546 (L4)
    
•    PW3566 (L3)
    
•    PW4076 (L2)
•    PW4075 (L2)
•    PW4058 (L2)

An object floats when its weight is equal to the weight of the water it displaces.

An object floats in water when the upthrust balances the object's weight.


TKI link to Book 37
TKI link to Book 38










 

39) Is this an Animal? (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Scientists group living things according to their evolutionary relationship.

•    LW0040 (L3)
•    LW0017 (L3)
    
•   LW0075 (L2
•    LW0073 (L2)
•    LW0069 (L2)
•    LW0068 (L2)
•    LW0057 (L2)
•    LW0056 (L2)
•    LW0045 (L2)
•    LW0030 (L2)
•    LW0029 (L2)
•    LW0028 (L2)
•    LW0025 (L2)
•    LW0023 (L2)
•    LW0021 (L2)
•    LW0020 (L2)

All the individuals within any one group of living things share a number of features.

•    LW0017 (L3)
    
•    LW0075 (L2)
•    LW0067 (L2)
•    LW0063 (L2)
•    LW0060 (L2)
•    LW0052 (L2)
•    LW0050 (L2)
•    LW0047 (L2)

Some features used for classification are readily observed, others can only be observed with the use of scientific equipment and theory.

•    LW0075 (L2)
•    LW0067 (L2)

TKI link to Book 39


These big ideas are so closely inter-related, the assessment resources relate to all of them.

The companion book is Book 55, Mammals.









40) Earthquakes (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Much of what happens to the surface of the Earth is determined by processes that occur within it.
    
 
•    PE8533 (L5)
•    PE8530 (L5)
•    PE8527 (L5)
•    PE8524 (L5)  

Earthquakes may cause sudden, small changes, but in time, their effects may also result in large changes to the landscape.

•    PE8533 (L5)
•    PE8516 (L5)
•    PE8513 (L5)
   
•    PE8016 (L4)

New Zealand is located at the active boundary between 2 tectonic plates, and earthquakes play an important role in shaping our landscape.

•    PE8533 (L5)
•    PE8517 (L5)
•    PE8515 (L5)

TKI link to Book 40










 

41) Fossils (L2-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Fossils provide a record of previous life and living conditions on Earth.
    
 
•    PE8004 (L4)
•    PE8002 (L4)
•    PE8001 (L4)
   
•    PE8051 (L2)

Fossils can form only where the remains or other traces of living things are preserved from the normal processes of decay and disintergration.

•    PE8031 (L4)
•    PE8004 (L4)
 

TKI link to Book 41








42) Marbles (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Non-contact forces operate at a distance, through force fields.
    
 
•    PW3553 (L4)

The combination of balanced and unbalanced forces acting on an object can be used to predict and describe its movement.

•    PW3542 (L4)
     
•    PW4111 (L3)
•    PW4077 (L3)
•    PW3690 (L3)
•    PW3689 (L3)
    
•    PW3688 (L2)

 

TKI link to Book 42

















 

43) Spring (L1-2)
44) Spring is a Season (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Seasonal changes are related to the tilt of the Earth relative to the Sun.
    
 
•    PE9085 (L4)
•    PE9059 (L4)
•    PE9036 (L4)
•    PE9027 (L4)
•   PE9017 (L4)

Changes in the lower atmosphere that we experience as weather are related to temperature and pressure differences in adjacent air masses.


Changing day length and temperature are the signals that co-ordinate the responses of living things to overall seasonal changes.


TKI link to Book 43
TKI link to Book 44







45) Slugs and Snails (L1-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

The more closely related species are to each other, the more features they have in common.

•   LW0012 (L3)
     
•    LW0025 (L2)

Each species has specific structures with specific functions that contribute to the survival of that species.

•    LW0637 (L2-4)

Each species has its own important role to play in an ecosystem.

•    LW2064 (L4)
TKI link to Book 45




 

46) Keeping Warm (L1-2)
47) Insulation (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

In order to get heat energy, we need to convert other types of energy.

•    LW0610 (L5)

Heat energy flows from where it's hot to where it's not.

What insulating materials are made of and where they are located influence the rate at which heat energy flows.

•    PW4523 (L5)
•    PW4011 (L5)
   
•    MW5672 (L4)
•    PW4520 (L4)
•    PW4086 (L4)
•    PW4066 (L4)
•    PW4064 (L4)
•    PW4032 (L4)
    
•    MW5138 (L2)
TKI link to Book 46
TKI link to Book 47
















48) Fabrics (L1-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Fibres and fabrics can be classified according to their properties.

•   MW5637 (L4)

The properties of different fabrics are related to where the fabric fibres come from.

The properties of fabrics suit them to particular purposes.

•   MW5637 (L4)
    
•   MW5678 (L3)
TKI link to Book 48






 

49) Invisible Forces (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

Static and current electricity are related but different. They both involve the movement of electrons.

•    PW4092 (L5)
•    PW3028 (L5)
•    PW2546 (L5)
•    PW2545 (L5)
•    PW2544 (L5)
•    PW2543 (L5)
•    PW2541 (L5)
•    PW2505 (L5)
•    PW2504 (L5)
    
•    PW3656 (L4)
•    PW3649 (L4)
•    PW3637 (L4)
•    PW3532 (L4)
   
•    PW3669 (L3)
    
•    PW3682 (L2/4)
•    PW3661 (L2)

Magnetism is related to electricity, but it is different. Both generate forces that may be experienced without contact.

•    PW2513 (L5)
•    PW2508 (L5)
    
•    PW4063 (L4)
•    PW3673 (L4)
•    PW3543 (L4)
    
•    PW3565 (L3)
    
•    PW4105 (L2/4)
•    PW3670 (L2)
•    PW3662 (L2)
•    PW3660 (L2)
•    PW3605 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 49

The majority of resources in column 1 deal with current electricity, not static electricity.
















50) Storms (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes

Changes in the lower atmosphere that we experience as weather are related to temperature and pressure differences between adjacent air masses.

•    PE7572 (L3)
•    PE7553 (L3)
•    PE7554 (L3)

Extremes of weather can result in rapid changes to the landscape and may have a significant impact on living things.

•    PE7504 (L4)
  TKI link to Book 50












 

51) Standing Up (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Living things need support systems in order to resist the force of gravity and to move.
  

People develop technologies using the structural principles that occur in living things.   TKI link to Book 51



52) The Land Changes (L1-4)

Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Our activities can impact on planet Earth's systems in ways we don't often anticipate or are not aware of until other changes become evident.

•    PE9533 (L5) *
•    PE9528 (L5) *
•    PE9513 (L5) *
•    PE9510 (L5)
    
•    PE9517 (L4)
•    PE9503 (L4)
•    LW2005 (L4)
    
•    PE9527 (L3)
•    PE9525 (L3)
•    PE9515 (L3)
•    PE8028 (L3)
•    WL2465 (L3, English)
LW2064 (L4)

Naturally occuring processes contribute to changes in planet Earth's systems.

•    PE9510 (L5)
•    PE8528 (L5)
•    PE8523 (L5)
•    PE8519 (L5)
•    PE8513 (L5)
•    PE8508 (L5)
     
•    PE8016 (L4)
•    PE8002 (L4)
•    PE8001 (L4)
     
•    PE8028 (L3)
•    PE8027 (L3)
•    PE8012 (L3)
•    PE8008 (L3)

The living and non-living things that make up planet Earth are closely interlinked and delicately balanced. Changes in one thing result in changes to others.

•    PE9533 (L5)*
•    PE9528 (L5)*
•    PE9513 (L5)*
•    PE9510 (L5)
•    PE8528 (L5)
•    PE8513 (L5)
•    PE8508 (L5)
    
•    PE9517 (L4)
•    PE9503 (L4)
•    LW2005 (L4)
    
•    PE9527 (L3)
•    PE9525 (L3)
•    PE9515 (L3)
LW2064 (L4)

TKI link to Book 52


'The Land Changes' is linked explicitly in the book to achievement aim 4 of the Living World and aims 2 and 4 of Planet Earth. It does, however, also relate to aim 1 of Planet Earth.

*PE9533, PE9528, and PE9513 deal with holes in the ozone layer. Although not specifically dealt with in the booklet, it is important students recognise the atmosphere is part of planet Earth.











53) Moulds are Fungi (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Moulds are members of the fungus group of living things. Like all living things, moulds have to meet their survival needs. In meeting their own needs, moulds cause changes to other materials.
  
•    MW6327 (L3)
TKI link to Book 53


We can use technologies to prevent or promote the growth of moulds.

•    MW6895 (L2)

 

54) Windmills and Waterwheels (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Machines can be used to transform energy from one form to another.


Machines can be used to transfer energy or change the direction and/or magnitude of a force.

•   PW4509 (L3)

Water and air are fluids whose flow can be harnessed by machines.

•   PW4503 (L4)
TKI link to Book 54




55) Mammals (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Scientists group living things according to their evolutionary relationship.

•    LW0040 (L3)
     
•    LW0073 (L2)
•    LW0069 (L2)
•    LW0068 (L2)
•    LW0057 (L2)
•    LW0056 (L2)
•    LW0045 (L2)
•    LW0030 (L2)
•    LW0029 (L2)
•    LW0028 (L2)
•    LW0025 (L2)
•    LW0023 (L2)
•    LW0021 (L2)
•    LW0020 (L2)
LW0034 (L4)

All the individuals within any one group of living things share a number of features.

•    LW0011 (L4, context is platypus)
     
•    LW0019 (L3, context is bats)
•    LW0004 (L3)
LW0034 (L4, context is whales)

Some features used for classification are readily observed, others can only be observed with the use of scientific equipment and theory.

•    LW0034 (L4)

TKI link to Book 55


These big ideas are so closely inter-related, the assessment resources relate to all of them.

The companion book is Book 39,
Is this an Animal?
.








56) Bread (L2-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

There is a direct relationship between the properties of individual materials and the product made from them.

Materials can change in different ways when subject to different processes.
  
•    MW6327 (L3)

 

The nature of a change made to materials determines whether the change is temporary or permanent.
  
•    MW6327 (L3)
TKI link to Book 56

 

57) Eggs (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
The overall composition of a food determines the types of changes that it can undergo.
  
•    MW6327 (L3)

 

Different processes lead to different changes in the composition of materials (including foods).

•    MW6327 (L3)
•    MW6322 (L3)

 

TKI link to Book 57


58) Ice (L1-3)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Changes of state always involve a transfer of energy.

•   MW6321 (L3)
    
•   MW6309 (L2)
   
•   MW6328 (L2)

The properties that characterise solids, liquids, and gases are related to particle behaviour.

•    MW6327 (L3)
•   MW6304 (L3)
•   MW5091 (L3)
    
•   MW6326 (L2)

 

The properties of water change when it is combined with other substances.

TKI link to Book 58

There are some L5 resources that deal with these big ideas, but they have not been included here as they deal with particular behaviour which is considered conceptually too difficult for students working at L1-2.

59) Bikes (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Friction is a contact force that we can use to influence movement.

•   PW4038 (L5)
    
•   PW3552 (L4)
    
•   PW4515 (L2)
Levers change forces in ways that make it easier for work to be done.

•   PW4541 (L5)
•   PW4046 (L5)
•   PW4025 (L5)
    
•   PW4534 (L4)
    
•   PW4515 (L2)
  TKI link to Book 59

These resources all deal with the concepts but may be in different contexts.







 

60) Rubbish (L3-4)
61) Recycling (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
The chemicals that make up a material, and the way they are arranged, give the material its chemical and physical properties.


There are finite amounts of chemicals on Earth, although they can be arranged and re-arranged in different ways.

  TKI link to Book 60
TKI link to Book 61




62) Spiders everywhere (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes

Arthropods are one large invertebrate classification group.

•    LW0026 (L3)
•    LW0017 (L3)
•    LW0009 (L3)
•    LW0001 (L3)
    
•    LW0023 (L2)

Related animals show different adaptations for their unique lifestyles.


Spiders are ecologically diverse, with important roles to play in most communities of living things.
 
•    LW2064 (L4)
TKI link to Book 62









63) Growing Plants Indoors (L1-2)
Big Idea Big Idea   Notes
Plants undergo the same range of life processes as animals.

•    LW0641 (L2/4)
•    LW1050 (L2)
•    LW1046 (L2)
•    LW1032 (L2)
LW0504 (L3)
To survive and thrive, plants need to be able to meet all their photosynthetic requirements from their immediate environment.

•    LW0579 (L3)
•    LW0500 (L3)
LW0504 (L3)
  TKI link to Book 63







 

64) Candles (L3-4)
Big Idea Big Idea Big Idea Notes
Changes in a material usually involve a loss or gain of energy.


The types of changes that materials undergo can be predetermined by the materials' chemical compositions.

•    MW5636 (L6)
    
•    MW6255 (L4)
When materials change, individual atoms are re-arranged but never lost – they can always be found somewhere.

•    MW5026 (L5)
TKI link to Book 64







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